Why the black smoke is coming out form the car ?\ what was the reason\problem

Why the black smoke is come out from the car ?

                        Car or any vehicle is just like a one human body .  As we need food the car (any vehicle) required the fuel . If we eat something wrong we have the problem with our digestive system , same with the cars also . If your car running on diesel  and you are running your car on petrol or on other fuel then the fuel is not burn properly  and when fuel is not burn properly  the black gases are come out from the silencer and this one is the reason.

                      If your engine condition is not good and you are not doing you car servicing on time properly then the fuel burning in the engine is not burn properly this one is the common reason for black smoke come out from the silencer . That black smoke is nothing but the CO2 i.e. carbon dioxide and due to this the air is polluted .

                                       If you want to prevent your car engine then do the servicing on time to time , use proper fuel what ever it required for your car . If your car is running on diesel fuel their is lesser pollution or may be the smock is not come out .

Types of smoke  coming out from the exhaust .

1. White smoke :                                                                                                                                             The white smoke come out because of the leakage of the coolant  in en -gine .
2. Black smoke :                                                                                                                                              Due to the incomplete  combustion of fuel  in engine .
3. Blue smoke :                                                                                                                                               It is due to the burning of oil in the engine . 

                                     

 

Who invent the first car engine ?

                        The first car engine is invented by Carl Benz . He is a German mechanical engineer . He designed and build the world first practical which is powered by an internal combustion engine .The engine used in a car was powered by 0.75 hp ( horsepower )  one - cylinder four stroke gasoline engine . The car has the top speed of 16 km/h  (10 mph ) .

                            He developed car has three wheels and the car look like the below in which some mechanism of car is visible due to his invention we all are able to designed the better version of the cars and other automotive .

         

       

What is Four Wheel Drive (4WD) ?

What is Four Wheel Drive?

            Four wheel drive means that the power in the engine is distributed to all 4 wheels when the 4WD is engaged and has the option to operate in RWD format to save fuel. The biggest advantage of a 4WD vehicle is that it provides versatility and strength to withstand any terrain or weather conditions. The downside of a 4WD vehicle is that it often runs in RWD format and instead the AWD vehicle has less traction.

             Designed to send torque to all four wheels of a 4WD vehicle to increase traction as needed. But 4WD systems are considered to be stronger than AWD and can handle more rocky terrain in general. And they also come in two forms full-time and part-time.Most 4WD systems can be selected by the driver with an electronic switch or a floor-mounted mechanical lever. There are also low and high ranges. The lower setting provides maximum traction in the off-road environment, while the higher setting is the default configuration, which is suitable for slippery road conditions such as snow, ice, loose sand or gravel.

How does a four stroke engine work?

Four stroke engine:-

         It is an internal combustion engine in which piston complets four separate stroke, first stroke is intake , second is compression, third is combustion or power stroke and last one is exhaust.

Four Stroke Engine

1) First Stroke = Intake

          At he starting of this stroke the position begins at top dead center i.e  TDC and end at the bottom dead center i.e BDC . The piston moves from TDC to BDC decreasing the pre - ssure in the cylinder . As piston moves from TDC to BDC the intake valve is open and a mixture of air and fuel flow from carburet -

ttor into the cylinder .

Intake

2) Second Stroke = Compression

         At the starting of this stroke the intake valve is closed and the piston moves from BDC to TDC . Due to this the mixture of air and fuel is compression and temperature in cylinder is increasing.In this stroke the both the valve is closed

Compression

3) Third Stroke = Combustion

          It is also known as ignition. The spark plug ignited the compressed mixture of air and fuel , the explosion pussed the piston and piston moves from TDC to BDC . During this stroke the intake and exhaust valves both are reaming close .

Combustion

4) Fourth Stroke = Exhaust

          In this stroke the piston moves from BDC to TDC, the exhaust valves is open during this stroke and remove the gases products during the explosion through it and intake valve is remaining closed. 

Exhaust

How does carborater work ?

Carborater work on Bernoulli's principle :-
     The faster air moves, the lower it's statistics pressure and higher the dynamic pressure is.
   

 
Accelerator Pedal :
 The vehicle operates at different loads and speeds. The power required for different loads are adjusted by the driver by pressing or depressing the accelerator pedal. 

Throttle Valve :
 The valve which controls the quantity of air sucked by changing the vacuum inside the carburetor. When the throttle valve is fully closed i.e. no load condition the engine vacuum is not transferred to the carburetor resulting in no air sucked in. When the throttle valve is fully opened under full load condition increased quantity of air and fuel is sucked in resulting increased quantity of mixture prepared.

Float Tank :
 The fuel from the fuel tank is received and stored in the float tank. Float tank consists of a float in the fuel. This float is connected with a needle valve. The float is used to maintain the level of the fuel inside the float chamber. When the level of the fuel drops the needle valve opens resulting in supply of additional fuel to regain the original level. When the fuel level is adequate the needle valve is closed resulting no fuel entering the float chamber.

Main jet and Main nozzle :
 The line through which the fuel is transferred to the carburetor from the float chamber on account of the vacuum at the venture through nozzle. The nozzle atomises the fuel and sprays the atomized fuel in the air flowing through the carburetor to prepare combustible mixture.

Venturi:
 The cross section having minimum throat diameter so as to create pressure difference (depression) between the atmospheric pressure on top of fuel level in float chamber and at the venturi or throat section.
• This pressure difference results in flow of the fuel from float chamber to Venturi.
• As the pressure difference increases amount of fuel supplied increases to meet the increased load demand.

Choke :
 Under normal conditions choke valve is always open. For cold starting conditions the supplied air-fuel mixture is not sufficient to initiate the combustion.
• Engine requires rich mixture to initiate the combustion. When the choke lever is pressed the choke valve gets closed which drastically reduces supply of the air to the carburetor resulting in more fuel sucked at the venture hence rich mixture is supplied.
• Once the engine starts normally choke lever is released resulting normal air fuel mixture getting supplied to the engine.

Idling jet:
 The minimum mixture supply under idle conditions when accelerator is zero is controlled      by the idle jet which is located between the engine and the throttle valve.
The ratio of fuel air is controlled by adjusting needle valves and this allows you to select the proper mixture for the conditions under which you operate your engine
Too lean a fuel-air mixture may result in hard starting, overheating, pre-ignition & valve burning
Too rich a fuel-air mixture may result in excessive fuel consumption, carbon build up in the cylinder and cause pre-ignition

Car engine parts |material|

         Car engine consists of many parts but the main part of car engine are

1) Engine Block -
        The engine block consist of cylinder and other internal components . The purpose of engine block is to support the other  competent of engine . The material used to made engine block are Aluminum and Gray cast iron (alloy of iron contain 2.4 to 4% of carbon, 1 to 3% silicon and 0.1 to 1.4% manganese.)

2) Pistons -

        The piston is a moving component which is connect to the cylinder which

is move in reciprocating motion. The most of the piston is made up of Cast iron and Aluminium alloy . Cast iron piston are used for piston speed below 6m/s. Aluminium alloy piston are used for piston speed above 6m/s.

3) Cylinder -

        Cylinder is smoothly finished hole in which a position is travels . Material used to made cylinder are Cast iron and Aluminium alloy . In cylinder block the energy is generated by the combustion of air- fuel mixture in the combustion chamber.

4) Crankshaft -
        Crankshaft converts reciprocating motion of piston into rotational motion or 
it converts linear energy into rotational energy. The material used to made crank-shaft is cast iron . There are two types of camshaft i.e monolithic type and assembled type, monolithic type used for multi-cylinder
engine and assembled type used for motorcycles.

5) Camshaft
          Camshaft is used in internal combustion engine to operate opening and closing of valves. In car engine the camshaft is made up of chilled cast iron .  

          

6) Valves -
         Valves is a mechanical component
Used in internal combustion engine . Contains one intake valves and one exhaust valves . It controls flow of fuel in combustion chamber. The engine input valves is made up of Silchrome it is a alloy and exhaust valves made up from martensitic steel with chrome and
silicon alloy.

         
7) Oil pan -
          The oil pan is attached to the bottom of the engine. A pump force the oil from the pan through a filter to remove dirt and other debris before it circulates through the engine. Oil circulates through part of engine to keep them lubricated . It reduces friction so everything works smoothly 

and increases engine life span . Most of the time oil pan is made up of alluminium and steel .

What is All Wheel- Drive (AWD) |How it work |

What is All Wheel - Drive?

         All wheel drive system give's power to both front and rear wheels . There are actually two types of drive-trains , First one is Full time AWD that drive all the wheels continuously and Second is Part time AWD that drive operates most of the time in two wheel drive mode or it is an automatic AWD.